Ethical clinical translation of stem cell interventions for neurologic disease.
Identifieur interne : 000089 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000088; suivant : 000090Ethical clinical translation of stem cell interventions for neurologic disease.
Auteurs : David J. Cote [États-Unis] ; Annelien L. Bredenoord [États-Unis] ; Timothy R. Smith [États-Unis] ; Mario Ammirati [États-Unis] ; Jannick Brennum [États-Unis] ; Ivar Mendez [États-Unis] ; Ahmed S. Ammar [États-Unis] ; Naci Balak [États-Unis] ; Gene Bolles [États-Unis] ; Ignatius Ngene Esene [États-Unis] ; Tiit Mathiesen [États-Unis] ; Marike L. Broekman [États-Unis]Source :
- Neurology [ 1526-632X ] ; 2017.
Abstract
The application of stem cell transplants in clinical practice has increased in frequency in recent years. Many of the stem cell transplants in neurologic diseases, including stroke, Parkinson disease, spinal cord injury, and demyelinating diseases, are unproven-they have not been tested in prospective, controlled clinical trials and have not become accepted therapies. Stem cell transplant procedures currently being carried out have therapeutic aims, but are frequently experimental and unregulated, and could potentially put patients at risk. In some cases, patients undergoing such operations are not included in a clinical trial, and do not provide genuinely informed consent. For these reasons and others, some current stem cell interventions for neurologic diseases are ethically dubious and could jeopardize progress in the field. We provide discussion points for the evaluation of new stem cell interventions for neurologic disease, based primarily on the new Guidelines for Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation released by the International Society for Stem Cell Research in May 2016. Important considerations in the ethical translation of stem cells to clinical practice include regulatory oversight, conflicts of interest, data sharing, the nature of investigation (e.g., within vs outside of a clinical trial), informed consent, risk-benefit ratios, the therapeutic misconception, and patient vulnerability. To help guide the translation of stem cells from the laboratory into the neurosurgical clinic in an ethically sound manner, we present an ethical discussion of these major issues at stake in the field of stem cell clinical research for neurologic disease.
DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003506
PubMed: 27927932
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Ethical clinical translation of stem cell interventions for neurologic disease.</title><author><name sortKey="Cote, David J" sort="Cote, David J" uniqKey="Cote D" first="David J" last="Cote">David J. Cote</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bredenoord, Annelien L" sort="Bredenoord, Annelien L" uniqKey="Bredenoord A" first="Annelien L" last="Bredenoord">Annelien L. Bredenoord</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Timothy R" sort="Smith, Timothy R" uniqKey="Smith T" first="Timothy R" last="Smith">Timothy R. Smith</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ammirati, Mario" sort="Ammirati, Mario" uniqKey="Ammirati M" first="Mario" last="Ammirati">Mario Ammirati</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brennum, Jannick" sort="Brennum, Jannick" uniqKey="Brennum J" first="Jannick" last="Brennum">Jannick Brennum</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mendez, Ivar" sort="Mendez, Ivar" uniqKey="Mendez I" first="Ivar" last="Mendez">Ivar Mendez</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ammar, Ahmed S" sort="Ammar, Ahmed S" uniqKey="Ammar A" first="Ahmed S" last="Ammar">Ahmed S. Ammar</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balak, Naci" sort="Balak, Naci" uniqKey="Balak N" first="Naci" last="Balak">Naci Balak</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bolles, Gene" sort="Bolles, Gene" uniqKey="Bolles G" first="Gene" last="Bolles">Gene Bolles</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Esene, Ignatius Ngene" sort="Esene, Ignatius Ngene" uniqKey="Esene I" first="Ignatius Ngene" last="Esene">Ignatius Ngene Esene</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mathiesen, Tiit" sort="Mathiesen, Tiit" uniqKey="Mathiesen T" first="Tiit" last="Mathiesen">Tiit Mathiesen</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Broekman, Marike L" sort="Broekman, Marike L" uniqKey="Broekman M" first="Marike L" last="Broekman">Marike L. Broekman</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. M.L.D.Broekman-4@umcutrecht.nl.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:27927932</idno><idno type="pmid">27927932</idno><idno type="doi">10.1212/WNL.0000000000003506</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000075</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000075</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000075</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000075</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000075</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">000075</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">002163</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">002163</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">002163</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000089</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000089</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000089</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Ethical clinical translation of stem cell interventions for neurologic disease.</title><author><name sortKey="Cote, David J" sort="Cote, David J" uniqKey="Cote D" first="David J" last="Cote">David J. Cote</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bredenoord, Annelien L" sort="Bredenoord, Annelien L" uniqKey="Bredenoord A" first="Annelien L" last="Bredenoord">Annelien L. Bredenoord</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Timothy R" sort="Smith, Timothy R" uniqKey="Smith T" first="Timothy R" last="Smith">Timothy R. Smith</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ammirati, Mario" sort="Ammirati, Mario" uniqKey="Ammirati M" first="Mario" last="Ammirati">Mario Ammirati</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brennum, Jannick" sort="Brennum, Jannick" uniqKey="Brennum J" first="Jannick" last="Brennum">Jannick Brennum</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mendez, Ivar" sort="Mendez, Ivar" uniqKey="Mendez I" first="Ivar" last="Mendez">Ivar Mendez</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ammar, Ahmed S" sort="Ammar, Ahmed S" uniqKey="Ammar A" first="Ahmed S" last="Ammar">Ahmed S. Ammar</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balak, Naci" sort="Balak, Naci" uniqKey="Balak N" first="Naci" last="Balak">Naci Balak</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bolles, Gene" sort="Bolles, Gene" uniqKey="Bolles G" first="Gene" last="Bolles">Gene Bolles</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Esene, Ignatius Ngene" sort="Esene, Ignatius Ngene" uniqKey="Esene I" first="Ignatius Ngene" last="Esene">Ignatius Ngene Esene</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mathiesen, Tiit" sort="Mathiesen, Tiit" uniqKey="Mathiesen T" first="Tiit" last="Mathiesen">Tiit Mathiesen</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Broekman, Marike L" sort="Broekman, Marike L" uniqKey="Broekman M" first="Marike L" last="Broekman">Marike L. Broekman</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. M.L.D.Broekman-4@umcutrecht.nl.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>From Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery (D.J.C., T.R.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center (A.L.B.), and Department of Neurosurgery (M.L.B.), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Copenhagen Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Centre (J.B.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Department of Surgery (I.M.), and Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A.), University of Dammam College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurosurgery (N.B.), Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery (G.B.), Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (I.N.E.), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurosurgery (T.M.), Karolinska Hospital and Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Neurology (M.L.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Neurology</title><idno type="eISSN">1526-632X</idno><imprint><date when="2017" type="published">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The application of stem cell transplants in clinical practice has increased in frequency in recent years. Many of the stem cell transplants in neurologic diseases, including stroke, Parkinson disease, spinal cord injury, and demyelinating diseases, are unproven-they have not been tested in prospective, controlled clinical trials and have not become accepted therapies. Stem cell transplant procedures currently being carried out have therapeutic aims, but are frequently experimental and unregulated, and could potentially put patients at risk. In some cases, patients undergoing such operations are not included in a clinical trial, and do not provide genuinely informed consent. For these reasons and others, some current stem cell interventions for neurologic diseases are ethically dubious and could jeopardize progress in the field. We provide discussion points for the evaluation of new stem cell interventions for neurologic disease, based primarily on the new Guidelines for Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation released by the International Society for Stem Cell Research in May 2016. Important considerations in the ethical translation of stem cells to clinical practice include regulatory oversight, conflicts of interest, data sharing, the nature of investigation (e.g., within vs outside of a clinical trial), informed consent, risk-benefit ratios, the therapeutic misconception, and patient vulnerability. To help guide the translation of stem cells from the laboratory into the neurosurgical clinic in an ethically sound manner, we present an ethical discussion of these major issues at stake in the field of stem cell clinical research for neurologic disease.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Massachusetts</li></region><settlement><li>Boston</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Massachusetts"><name sortKey="Cote, David J" sort="Cote, David J" uniqKey="Cote D" first="David J" last="Cote">David J. Cote</name></region><name sortKey="Ammar, Ahmed S" sort="Ammar, Ahmed S" uniqKey="Ammar A" first="Ahmed S" last="Ammar">Ahmed S. Ammar</name><name sortKey="Ammirati, Mario" sort="Ammirati, Mario" uniqKey="Ammirati M" first="Mario" last="Ammirati">Mario Ammirati</name><name sortKey="Balak, Naci" sort="Balak, Naci" uniqKey="Balak N" first="Naci" last="Balak">Naci Balak</name><name sortKey="Bolles, Gene" sort="Bolles, Gene" uniqKey="Bolles G" first="Gene" last="Bolles">Gene Bolles</name><name sortKey="Bredenoord, Annelien L" sort="Bredenoord, Annelien L" uniqKey="Bredenoord A" first="Annelien L" last="Bredenoord">Annelien L. Bredenoord</name><name sortKey="Brennum, Jannick" sort="Brennum, Jannick" uniqKey="Brennum J" first="Jannick" last="Brennum">Jannick Brennum</name><name sortKey="Broekman, Marike L" sort="Broekman, Marike L" uniqKey="Broekman M" first="Marike L" last="Broekman">Marike L. Broekman</name><name sortKey="Esene, Ignatius Ngene" sort="Esene, Ignatius Ngene" uniqKey="Esene I" first="Ignatius Ngene" last="Esene">Ignatius Ngene Esene</name><name sortKey="Mathiesen, Tiit" sort="Mathiesen, Tiit" uniqKey="Mathiesen T" first="Tiit" last="Mathiesen">Tiit Mathiesen</name><name sortKey="Mendez, Ivar" sort="Mendez, Ivar" uniqKey="Mendez I" first="Ivar" last="Mendez">Ivar Mendez</name><name sortKey="Smith, Timothy R" sort="Smith, Timothy R" uniqKey="Smith T" first="Timothy R" last="Smith">Timothy R. Smith</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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